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Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase

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**1. PARP Family and Structure:**
– PARP family consists of 17 members (10 putative) with varying structures and functions.
– PARP1, PARP2, VPARP (PARP4), Tankyrase-1, and -2 exhibit confirmed PARP activity.
– Comprised of DNA-binding, caspase-cleaved, auto-modification, and catalytic domains.
– DNA-binding domain contains zinc finger motifs and is involved in programmed cell death.

**2. Functions of PARP:**
– Detects and responds to single-strand DNA breaks.
– Initiates repair by synthesizing poly (ADP-ribose) chains using NAD+.
– Regulates basal bioenergetics and expression of inflammatory genes.

**3. Role in DNA Repair:**
– Assists in repairing single-strand DNA nicks through base excision repair.
– PARP-1 and PARP-2 are activated by DNA single-strand breaks.
– Tankyrases interact with telomere-associated proteins and play roles in vesicular trafficking and mitotic spindle assembly.

**4. Therapeutic Applications and Inhibition:**
– PARP inhibitors are effective in various cancers, especially in HRR-defective cancers.
– Biomarkers are needed to identify HRR defects for broader use of PARP inhibitors.
– Inactivation by caspase cleavage leads to programmed cell death and prevents repair at damaged sites.

**5. Plant PARPs and Additional Information:**
Plant PARPs respond to DNA damage and stress, with PARP1 and PARP2 playing crucial roles.
– PARP2 in plants has different domains and is significant in protective responses.
– Research studies explore the role of PARP in DNA repair, genomic integrity, cell death, and aging.
– Therapeutic applications beyond cancer treatment and repurposing of PARP inhibitors are being investigated.

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a family of proteins involved in a number of cellular processes such as DNA repair, genomic stability, and programmed cell death.

poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase
Identifiers
AliasesPoly (ADP-ribose) polymerasePARPNAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferaseIPR008288poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerasepoly(ADP-ribose) synthasepoly(ADP-ribose) synthetaseNAD+:poly(adenine-diphosphate-D-ribosyl)-acceptor ADP-D-ribosyl-transferaseADP-ribosyltransferase (polymerizing)Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

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RefSeq (protein)

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human
NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase
Identifiers
EC no.2.4.2.30
CAS no.58319-92-9
Databases
IntEnzIntEnz view
BRENDABRENDA entry
ExPASyNiceZyme view
KEGGKEGG entry
MetaCycmetabolic pathway
PRIAMprofile
PDB structuresRCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Search
PMCarticles
PubMedarticles
NCBIproteins
ADP ribose
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
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