**1. History of Transhumanist Politics:**
– Term ‘transhumanism’ popularized by Julian Huxley in a 1957 essay.
– Neoliberal Extropy Institute founded by Max More in the 1990s.
– World Transhumanist Association (WTA) formed in the late 1990s.
– Shift in transhumanism from socialist to libertarian around 2009.
– Various transhumanist political parties formed globally, including in Russia, Spain, and the United States.
**2. Core Values and Philosophies of Transhumanism:**
– Advocates for using technology to enhance human abilities.
– Political philosophies supporting transhumanism include social futurism and techno-libertarianism.
– Techno-progressives support equal access to enhancement technologies.
– Disagreements exist among transhumanists regarding individual and community rights.
– Can be coupled with various political, philosophical, and religious views.
**3. Diverse Transhumanist Political Perspectives:**
– Anarcho-Transhumanism: Combines anarchism with transhumanism, focusing on social and physical freedom.
– Democratic Transhumanism: Calls for equal access to technological enhancements and aims to prevent limitations based on socio-political classes.
– Libertarian Transhumanism: Believes in self-ownership, opposes restrictions on human enhancement, and favors free market solutions.
– Marxist Transhumanism: Blends Marxism and transhumanism, emphasizing class struggle and societal equality.
**4. Criticisms and Debates in Transhumanist Politics:**
– Some consider transhumanist ideals to be anti-political.
– Progressive critics question libertarian transhumanists’ techno-utopianism and ethical implications.
– Marxist transhumanists warn about elitism and advocate for societal changes to ensure equality.
– Critiques of libertarian transhumanism include inegalitarianism, meritocracy, and reliance on free markets.
**5. Future Directions and Social Impact of Transhumanist Politics:**
– Posthumanism and Transhumanism: Examines the relationship between humanity and posthumanity, highlighting the need to define the domain of posthumanism.
– Discusses the utility of politicizing transhumanist goals, tensions between individual and political interests, and implications on existing social structures.
– Social Impact: Highlights global challenges like hunger and implications of disorder on society.
– Transhumanist Party initiatives like Zoltan’s presidential run and Dmitry Itskov’s 2045 Initiative aim for advancements in human immortality and longevity.
Transhumanist politics constitutes a group of political ideologies that generally express the belief in improving human individuals through science and technology. Specific topics include space migration, and cryogenic suspension. It is considered the opposing ideal to the concept of bioconservatism, as Transhumanist politics argue for the use of all technology to enhance human individuals.