– Wildcrafting, or foraging, involves harvesting plants from their natural habitat for food or medicinal purposes.
– Ethical considerations include protecting endangered species and preventing depletion of resources.
– Sustainable wildcrafting involves taking only parts of plants and leaving the living plant or replanting seeds.
– Organizations like the Association of Foragers and United Plant Savers promote responsible wildcrafting practices.
– Some regions actively manage wild harvesting, like the management of ginseng in certain states and national forests in the USA.
Commercial Impact:
– Foraging for personal use typically has minimal impact on plant populations.
– Popular species like Arnica face threats due to commercial harvesting.
– Arnica, a medicinal plant, is under protection due to overharvesting for commercial use.
– European populations of Arnica have declined due to medicinal use.
– Sustainable management practices are essential to alleviate pressure on natural plant sources.
European Study:
– Europe has significant non-wood forest products like forest fruits, mushrooms, and medicinal herbs.
– The StarTree Project studied wildcrafting practices across 14 European regions.
– Sustainable wildcrafting of non-timber forest products can be profitable in regions where wood is not the main product.
– The project aimed to explore best practices and commercial opportunities in wildcrafting.
– Commercial interest in certain species can lead to unsustainable harvesting practices.
References:
– Various sources provide information on wildcrafting practices and ethical considerations.
– Organizations like the American Botanical Council work to improve sustainable management of wild plant harvesting.
– The StarTree Project and other studies offer insights into the commercial potential of non-timber forest products.
– The IUCN Red List includes species like Arnica due to threats from overharvesting.
– Conservation efforts are crucial to protect medicinal plants like Arnica from depletion.
External Links:
– The Association of Foragers offers resources for wild food foraging.
– Plants for a Future database lists 7000 plant species with various uses.
– The World Wildlife Fund provides information on conservation efforts for medicinal plants like Arnica.
Wildcrafting (also known as foraging) is the practice of harvesting plants from their natural, or 'wild' habitat, primarily for food or medicinal purposes. It applies to uncultivated plants wherever they may be found, and is not necessarily limited to wilderness areas. Ethical considerations are often involved, such as protecting endangered species, potential for depletion of commonly held resources, and in the context of private property, preventing theft of valuable plants, for example, ginseng.
When wildcrafting is done sustainably and with proper respect, generally only the fruit, flowers or branches from plants are taken and the living plant is left, or if it is necessary to take the whole plant, seeds of the plant are placed in the empty hole from which the plant was taken. Care is taken to remove only a few plants, flowers, or branches, so plenty remains to continue the supply. The Association of Foragers believes that foraging by people plays an increasingly important role supporting, promoting and defending the health of all plants, fungi, algae, animals (including humans) and the habitats/environments in which they exist. Plants for a Future database lists 7000 plants with edible, medicinal or other uses. In the USA, the mission of United Plant Savers is to protect native medicinal plants of the United States and Canada (such as Goldenseal) and their native habitat while ensuring an abundant renewable supply of medicinal plants for generations to come.
Four states and five national forests in America actively manage the wild harvesting of ginseng to ensure sustainability of wild populations. In Europe, non-wood forest products (e.g., forest fruits, mushroom, cork, pine kernels, acorns, medicinal herbs, essential oils, chestnuts etc.) can be significant in the bioeconomy, especially in regions where wood is not the most profitable product. These were examined during a four year study called The StarTree Project which assessed the wildcrafting of non-timber forest products across 14 regions of Europe to explore best practice and commercial opportunities.
There is no evidence that foraging in small amounts for personal use by people and their families has any impact on populations of plants and fungi. However, once a species attracts widespread commercial interest it can quickly come under pressure if sustainable harvesting and management procedures are not followed. A case in point is Arnica, a medicinal species made into homeopathic remedies and highly popular first aid creams for bumps and bruises. It is now under strict protection and is included in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and in the Red Data Books and Red Data Lists of many European countries. Despite the loss of habitats, Arnica is mainly harvested from the wild. Dried flowers traded annually in Europe are estimated to be around 50 tonnes.[full citation needed] The collection of Arnica for medicinal purposes has also caused disappearance or reduction in the size of several European populations. The pressure on natural sources of this plant is alleviated by a suitable use of Arnica supply in the European region, where flower heads are harvested.