Dietary Reference Intake

**Dietary Reference Intake Framework**:
– Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) components:
– Estimated Average Requirements (EAR)
– Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA)
– Adequate Intake (AI)
– Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL)
– Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR)
– Usage of DRIs in the United States and Canada:
– Diet composition
– New food and supplement development
– Healthcare policy
– Public health guidance
– International variations:
– European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) uses Dietary Reference Values
– Australia and New Zealand reference Nutrient Reference Values
– Similar definitions to the US and Canada with varying numerical values

**Historical Development**:
– RDA development during World War II
– Revision by the Food and Nutrition Board every 5-10 years
– Introduction of DRIs in 1997 to expand the system
– Publication of DRIs from 1998 to 2001
– Recent updates including new DRIs for specific nutrients

**Current Recommendations**:
– Tailored nutrient requirements for different demographics
– Specific recommendations for various nutrients
– Establishment of EARs, RDAs, AIs, and ULs
– Absence of EARs or ULs for some nutrients
– Guidelines on substances to avoid in food or supplements

**Macronutrient Guidelines**:
– RDA/AI for males and females aged 19-50 years
– Inclusion of water, trans fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, and added sugar
– Top sources for common macronutrients
– Recommendations on intakes and sources
– Details on Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)

**Research and Adherence**:
– Standard of evidence for DRIs development
– Call for higher evidence standards for dietary recommendations
– Adherence rates in the US population to EAR and healthy eating patterns
– Challenges in meeting recommended intakes for nutrients
– References and external links for additional information on DRIs and nutrition.